{"id":53,"date":"2026-01-07T22:27:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T22:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yearn.cloud\/?p=53"},"modified":"2026-01-07T22:27:05","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T22:27:05","slug":"setting-up-a-high-availability-ha-cluster-on-proxmox-ve-9-1-with-ceph-storage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yearn.cloud\/index.php\/2026\/01\/07\/setting-up-a-high-availability-ha-cluster-on-proxmox-ve-9-1-with-ceph-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting Up a High Availability (HA) Cluster on Proxmox VE 9.1 with Ceph Storage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>High Availability (HA) is one of the strongest features of Proxmox VE. Combined with Ceph, it allows virtual machines and containers to continue running even when a node fails. In this guide, we\u2019ll walk through <strong>building a Proxmox VE 9.1 HA cluster backed by Ceph storage<\/strong>, from planning to validation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This post focuses on <strong>clarity and completeness<\/strong>, not shortcuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Architecture Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Minimum Recommended Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3 Proxmox VE 9.1 nodes<\/strong> (minimum for quorum)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3 Ceph MONs<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3 Ceph OSDs per node<\/strong> (recommended for performance)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dedicated storage\/network interface<\/strong> for Ceph traffic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shared time source (NTP)<\/strong> across all nodes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Layout<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Node<\/th><th>Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>pve01<\/td><td>Proxmox + Ceph MON + OSD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>pve02<\/td><td>Proxmox + Ceph MON + OSD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>pve03<\/td><td>Proxmox + Ceph MON + OSD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Prepare the Nodes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Install Proxmox VE 9.1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use identical hardware if possible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During installation:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Set <strong>static IP addresses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configure <strong>correct hostname and FQDN<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use <strong>ZFS or ext4<\/strong> for the system disk (Ceph disks must be separate)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Configure Networking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You should have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Management Network<\/strong> (Proxmox GUI, corosync)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ceph Network<\/strong> (storage replication traffic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>vmbr0 \u2192 Management (10.0.0.0\/24)\nvmbr1 \u2192 Ceph (172.16.0.0\/24)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Create the Proxmox Cluster<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On the <strong>first node<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pvecm create prod-cluster\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>On the remaining nodes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pvecm add &lt;IP_of_first_node&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Verify cluster status:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pvecm status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You should see:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All nodes listed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quorum established<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Install Ceph on Proxmox<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From the <strong>Proxmox GUI<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Go to <strong>Datacenter \u2192 Ceph<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Install Ceph packages on all nodes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configure:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Public Network<\/strong>: Ceph traffic network<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cluster Network<\/strong> (optional but recommended)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Deploy Ceph MONs and Managers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create MONs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create one MON per node<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensure all MONs show <strong>healthy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create Ceph Managers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At least one active manager<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One standby manager recommended<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Check health:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ceph status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Create Ceph OSDs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disk Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raw disks (no partitions)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Same size disks recommended<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SSDs or NVMe preferred<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create OSDs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>From each node:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select unused disk<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create OSD via Proxmox GUI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Confirm OSDs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ceph osd tree\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Create Ceph Pools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Recommended pools:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>rbd<\/strong> (VM disks)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cephfs_data<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cephfs_metadata<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Set replication size:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Size: 3\nMin Size: 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Enable autoscaling:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ceph osd pool set rbd pg_autoscale_mode on\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7: Configure Ceph as Proxmox Storage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Go to <strong>Datacenter \u2192 Storage<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add <strong>RBD<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select the Ceph pool<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enable:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disk images<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Snapshots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Test by creating a VM disk on Ceph storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 8: Enable High Availability (HA)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enable HA Services<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HA is enabled by default once the cluster is formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Verify services:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status pve-ha-lrm\nsystemctl status pve-ha-crm\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 9: Configure HA Groups (Optional but Recommended)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HA Groups control <strong>failover priority<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Group name: <code>primary-group<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nodes: pve01 \u2192 pve02 \u2192 pve03<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restricted migration enabled<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 10: Make VMs Highly Available<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VM disks must be on <strong>shared storage (Ceph)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VM must be using <strong>VirtIO<\/strong> drivers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enable HA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select VM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Go to <strong>HA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add to HA group<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Max restart attempts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Failover policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 11: Testing Failover<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test 1: Graceful Node Shutdown<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>shutdown now\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Expected behavior:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VM stops on failed node<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VM restarts on another node<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test 2: Hard Failure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Power off node abruptly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watch HA Manager relocate VM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Check HA status:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ha-manager status\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 12: Tuning and Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ceph<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use <strong>dedicated Ceph network<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitor latency regularly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid mixing slow disks with fast disks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proxmox HA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Don\u2019t overcommit RAM heavily<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use VM startup delays<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep fencing enabled<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Monitor quorum status<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Back up VMs even with HA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep all nodes on the same Proxmox version<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Pitfalls<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Running Ceph and management traffic on the same NIC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using consumer-grade disks without power loss protection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Less than 3 nodes (no quorum)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HA without shared storage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>Proxmox VE 9.1 HA cluster with Ceph<\/strong> provides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Automatic failover<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scalable storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No single point of failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While setup requires careful planning, the result is a resilient, enterprise-grade virtualization platform built entirely on open-source technologies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High Availability (HA) is one of the strongest features of Proxmox VE. Combined with Ceph, it allows virtual machines and containers to continue running even when a node fails. In this guide, we\u2019ll walk through building a Proxmox VE 9.1 HA cluster backed by Ceph storage, from planning to validation. This post focuses on clarity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-random"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Setting Up a High Availability (HA) Cluster on Proxmox VE 9.1 with Ceph Storage - Yearn Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yearn.cloud\/index.php\/2026\/01\/07\/setting-up-a-high-availability-ha-cluster-on-proxmox-ve-9-1-with-ceph-storage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Setting Up a High Availability (HA) Cluster on Proxmox VE 9.1 with Ceph Storage - Yearn Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"High Availability (HA) is one of the strongest features of Proxmox VE. 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Combined with Ceph, it allows virtual machines and containers to continue running even when a node fails. In this guide, we\u2019ll walk through building a Proxmox VE 9.1 HA cluster backed by Ceph storage, from planning to validation. 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